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Results from ALSPAC show that iodine deficiency in pregnancy is associated with an adverse effect on child cognitive development.

Children of mothers who showed iodine deficiency during early pregnancy were more likely to have scores in the lowest quartile for verbal IQ, reading accuracy, and reading comprehension.

As a component of thyroid hormones, iodine is essential for fetal brain development.

Results from the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts show that long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may increase insulin resistance in children.

Researchers said that oxidative stress caused by exposure to air pollutants may play a role in the development of insulin resistance.

A four year trial found that the RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine was only 16.8% effective.

In highly variable results, vaccine efficacy declined over time — from 43.6% in the first year to almost zero in the fourth year — and with increasing exposure to malaria.

For every 100 vaccinated children, 65 cases of clinical malaria were averted. Multiple episodes of malaria were common, with 551 cases among 118 of the 223 children who received the vaccine.

A small study showed that only 12 hours of playing action video games improved the reading abilities of children with dyslexia.

Attentional skills also improved during action video game training. It has been demonstrated that action video games efficiently improve attention abilities, and the new study showed that this attention improvement can directly translate into better reading ability.